X. Lu, J. Kjølleberg, and J. E. Norby
Cite As :
X. Lu, J. Kjølleberg, and J. E. Norby, “Technical and economic aspects of integrating hydrogen energy to offshore wind farm and energy system – a review,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 255, 120261, 2020
The study explores various configurations for coupling wind energy generation with hydrogen production, focusing on system efficiency, storage, transport, and cost-effectiveness. A key insight from the review is the importance of synchronizing the operational efficiencies of wind turbines and electrolyzers to maximise hydrogen output. Modern offshore wind turbines typically operate with capacity factors of 35–45% under optimal wind conditions, while state-of-the-art electrolyzers can reach conversion efficiencies of approximately 60–75% based on the Higher Heating Value (HHV) of hydrogen. This translates to an overall system efficiency of around 60–70% HHV when the two technologies are properly integrated. The paper also addresses critical challenges such as intermittency in wind energy supply, hydrogen storage options, transmission logistics, and the levelised cost of hydrogen (LCOH) in offshore settings. Ultimately, the review highlights the growing viability of offshore wind-to-hydrogen systems as a pathway toward decarbonised, sustainable energy networks.